Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Shopper Behavior - Essay Example Microsoft’s Xbox, Sony’s PlayStation Series and Nintendo’s GameCube games all have been around for various years however still these huge market players have neglected to distinguish sizeable specialty showcase sections game consoles that exist to date in the business. Nokia has both the asset capacity and innovation to enter this market section easily in structure and arranging (Gale Reference Team, 2008). For example each of the three game comfort producers referenced above alongside a various of other little and medium organizations have had the option to expand their pieces of the overall industry in spite of a continuous worldwide monetary downturn. Nokia’s existing asset and innovation capacities would require appropriate directional direction from prepared hands, particularly the specialized and administrative staff. As of now the over three market leaders’ status has been tested by numerous little and medium scale makers whose capacity to distinguish specialty showcase portions with regards to shopper socioeconomics is supposed to be one reason for their prosperity (Development and Learning in Organizations, diary, 2003). For example Nokia’s achievement in cell phone gadget assembling can be used to create a game support that effectively fuses a portion of its previously attempted and relinquished versatile game highlights (Gale Reference Team, 2007). So far game consoles haven’t been incorporated with versatile communication innovation aside from at irregular considerations did by Sony in its PlayStation Series. A large portion of the current writing and talk on game consoles are portrayed by four fundamental classes of issues †mechanical issues, valuing issues, quality issues and security issues. It’s along these lines an industry that is ever progressively being set apart by rivalry and reorientation. Against this scenery of stiffer rivalry it’s fundamental to distinguish the different issue related results in the business along these lines concentrating consideration on the deliberately

The Republic by Plato Essay Example for Free

The Republic by Plato Essay In the book The Republic, Plato investigates the secret contained in carrying on with a decent life where he takes a gander at carrying on with a fair life and what it involves. He additionally takes a gander at life when there are logician lords administering. The principle character in the book is Socrates who is occupied with a conversation by certain companions he meets when originating from the Piraeus to offer his petitions. He is strolling with Glaucon on his way to the city when Polemarchus gets a quick look at him and welcomes him to stroll with him alongside Adeimantus who is the sibling to Glaucon and they wind up heading off to his home. When they get to the home of Polemarchus, there they discover Cephalus his dad, his siblings Lysias and Euthademus and furthermore Thrasymachus, Cleitophon and Charmantides. Cephalus rebukes Socrates for not visiting him frequently yet he is an elderly person who can't have the option to go as he would wish. He anyway acknowledges mature age since it has given him harmony that he was unable to have gotten when he was more youthful. He admonishes the integrity of mature age as opposed to grumbling as his companions did about the ills of mature age. Socrates becomes captivated and asks him whether his position is influenced by the way that he is rich and there begins the conversation of what makes one substance with his life. Cephalus is persuaded that ones demeanor decides how satisfied or unhappy one is with his life. As indicated by him wealth whether gained or acquired doesn't have an influence in ones bliss rather how you have chosen to carry on with your life is the thing that issues (Jowett B. pg 11). He is of the possibility that a decent man whether poor or rich is a glad man while an awful man whether rich or poor is a miserable man. He characterized a decent man as he who is simply to other people. Socrates needs to realize what equity is and along these lines the start of the conversation about equity. Since they characterized equity as talking reality and taking care of obligations, Socrates needs to know whether there are any exemptions to these principles. He additionally needs to know whether one turns out to be less just on the off chance that he concludes that it is for the best not to do precisely as required by the standard of equity in the event that it makes more damage than anything else comply with the standard. Socrates is of the supposition that equity must have an a lot more extensive definition than the one as of now being used. Now Cephalus exits and leave his child to assume control over the discussion for his sake. Polemarchus is of a similar supposition as Socrates yet cites a regarded man and an artist (Simonides) as having said diversely yet pardons him by expecting that he had not considered all the situations that are conceivable.  Polemarchus is anyway of the supposition that this standard just applies to those individuals who are viewed as ones companions. To the individuals who are adversaries, the standard of returning what is owed applies carefully regardless of whether by doing so one reason mischief to the one getting what is owed. He deciphers what Simonides implied when he expounded on equity and accept it to imply that one should provide for every what they merit implying that to a companion one ought to do what is acceptable and to an adversary one should give abhorrent. On the off chance that by reimbursing an obligation one is doing malice to a companion, at that point one ought not reimburse it however on the off chance that it is to a foe one should have the option to do so happily. In their conversation, it develops that there are times that foul play is wanted to equity and that much of the time it is viewed as futile when different things are helpful and the other way around (Jowett B. pg 17). After much conversation they appear to concur that a simply man can't make hurt others whether they are adversaries or companions. This at that point leaves them with no meaning of what equity is yet they require realizing what it is. Now, Thrasymachus enters the discussion however for him to offer his input of what he thinks equity is, he requests that he be paid some cash. He acquaints with the peruser the third meaning of equity which he professes to be the enthusiasm of the more grounded (Jowett B. pg21). This is on the grounds that the laws administering people’s deeds are detailed by the administration which thusly is comprised of the tough individuals paying little heed to what kind of government it is. Socrates addresses this definition since the rulers might not be right in figuring the laws and make some which may make injury them. In the event that the subjects in being simply should comply with the law, the inquiry at that point becomes whether by making injury the ruler they are as yet expected to be simply. Now, Cleitophon contributes by saying that as long as the more grounded believed that whatever was being done was to his advantage, at that point it was equity to feel free to do it regardless of its expected damage to him. Thrasymachus characterizes the ruler or the more grounded man as he who can't commit an error and on the off chance that one makes a slip-up, he stops to be a ruler. Socrates solicits him who is the ace from a workmanship and after it is built up that the person who accomplishes something best is the ace of the exchange. In consenting to this, Thrasmychus ends up cornered by Socrates since then it implies that the ruler characterizes equity as that which serves the enthusiasm of his subjects and not his own advantages. This is on the grounds that an ace of a workmanship does everything he can to help those under him and one of the models given is that of a doctor who does everything he can to serve the patient yet he is the ace of the craftsmanship. It appears for this situation that the ruler has made a law that influences him contrarily in light of the fact that it has decreased his social standing. Along these lines at that point, the ruler has committed an error and subsequently quits turning into a ruler since he has not placed his inclinations first in making the law. Thrasymachus is of the assessment that the low man benefits more than the only one does and he characterizes equity as â€Å" the enthusiasm of the more grounded though foul play is a man’s own benefit an interest† (Jowett B. pg 27). He appears not be reliable in his view since he ascribes various characteristics to various callings as the meaning of equity. The conversation takes a turn at towards impeccable social orders where the consummately vile society is viewed as being more gainful than the superbly just society. Thrasymachus is of the supposition that simply individuals need correspondence with the equitable yet need to have more than the crooked while the low needs more than everybody (Jowett B. pg 32). Socrates inquires as to whether an uncalled for society can have the option to lead without practicing any type of equity. He anyway doesn't get an exact answer. The primary book closes with the inquiry whether equity is acceptable or abhorrent. Thrasymachus stays quiet from this second on. Glaucon enters the scene with examining Socrates concerning the kinds of products there are and how they can be ordered. They think of three sorts of products an equity is put at the degree of merchandise which are acknowledged on the grounds that by rehearsing them one gains however on the off chance that they had another decision would prefer not take part in them along these lines favoring foul play to it (Jowett B. pg 38). In doing this he is by all accounts supporting the situation of Thrasmychus yet at the same time needs to get the point of view of Socrates on the genuine idea of equity. He accepts that individuals do what is acceptable in light of the fact that they fear the repercussions of doing insidious and on the off chance that they had a decision they would settle on fiendish other than great. To help his position, he recounts to the account of Gyges, a shepherd, who got a ring from a dead keeps an eye on body that had the ability to make one undetectable. The ring permitted him to do things that he would somehow not do with individuals seeing him. Individuals comply with the standards of equity since others can see them yet on the off chance that quite possibly they won't be seen, at that point their actual sentiments rise and regularly than not they (the emotions) will be slanted towards shamefulness and malice. As the story is told, Gyges utilizes the ring to get undetectable and lure the sovereign who helped him wipe out the lord and he turned into the ruler. Clearly before his having the ring, he was unable to have done so yet under the appearance of imperceptibility he had the option to do a lot of fiendishness (Jowett B. pg 39). Glaucon needs the treacherous man to be absolutely unreasonable and the simply man to be absolutely on the grounds that all out unfairness can be confounded to mean equity. Adeimantus his sibling underpins him by including that guardians encourage their kids to be simply so that in future they might have the option to land great positions and relationships and not really to make them great. Anyway Socrates is persuaded that they are contending for shamefulness yet they don't put stock in being out of line (Jowett B. pg 45). As indicated by Socrates, a state emerges because of the necessities that individuals have and it must be involved various classifications of individuals who all work together to guarantee the decency of all. Equity should have prompted the presence of three classes of individuals to be specific: the rulers, the makers and the troopers. They all have indicated obligations and none should attempt to do another’s in light of the fact that that would be regarded as being treacherous. They all have their jobs and to expect another’s job is to ransack the person of his method of procuring a living thus getting accidentally unjustifiable. Likewise in attempting to include another person’s load onto your own, it would prompt making a terrible showing henceforth getting unjustifiable to the individuals who confided in you to carry out the responsibility for them (Jowett B. pg 47). Socrates takes both Glaucon and Adeimantus through the development of a state where the three classifications of individuals exist with equity being characterized as disapproving of ones business and letting others do likewise up to where out of expanded needs, the jobs begin to intermix prompting a breakdown of equity. Individuals in the state necessitate what doesn't have a place with them to make their lives agreeable and in this manner become shameful. He at that point chooses to make a perfect city where there is no private property or even spouses and kids. This is accomplished for the benefit of everyone and in such a city equity isn't required. The conversation changes from whether a city is simply to the topic of whether there is any chance of s

Interview Lessons from an IKEA Cartoon

Interview Lessons from an IKEA Cartoon A cartoon image that had me laughing out loud was an “IKEA Job Interview.”   The interviewer sits behind a desk in a sparsely furnished room and points to a bunch of pieces of a disassembled chair, which lie neatly on the floor.   “Please have a seat,” says the interviewer. While this image is hilarious, if the job interview were for a mechanic or an assembler of chairs at IKEA, the scene would not be so farfetched.   And in fact, it is not unusual for an interviewer to test an interviewee with a task to perform on the spot.   A good interviewer might test your practical skills in an interview, or your ability to respond to criticism, by asking you to perform a task or adjust your demeanor mid-interview. I once interviewed a young man for a social worker position at the non-profit where I worked in Brooklyn, NY.   There were two of us interviewing him, and I really liked him.   He answered questions well and I was considering hiring him.   My frustration was that he never made eye contact with me.   It seemed as if he were gazing off into space and not fully connecting with me.   And I knew there was no way I would actually hire him if he couldn’t make eye contact. I did something perhaps unconventional.   I stopped the interview, told him what I was experiencing, and asked him why he wasn’t making eye contact.   He gave a reasonable response that he was struggling with having two interviewers and didn’t want either of us to get all his focus.   From that moment in the interview, he made full eye contact with either me or my associate. I hired him. Why?   Because I knew beyond doubt from that interview that this man took criticism and coaching well, and could implement a suggestion quickly and effectively.   He also had all the other qualifications we were looking for. He is still working at the organization today, and is appreciated for his work ethic and great attitude, as well as for the results he produces. So this IKEA cartoon, while humorous, might not be that far off the mark for something you might be called upon to perform on the spot in a job interview.   Luckily, all the tools you need are already in your possession.   You just need to be good at following directions.

Powered by Publics LSU Part of National Effort to Increase College Access and Completion - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1104 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Music Essay Level High school Tags: Hip Hop Essay Did you like this example? During the Fall of 2018, the Association of Public Land-Grant Universities (APLU) announced its Powered by Publics initiative, the largest concerted effort to increase college access in history. The initiative has three goals: (1) award hundreds of thousands more degrees by 2025; (2) eliminate the achievement gap for low-income, minority, and first-generation students, while maintaining or expanding access to higher education for these students; (3) share key data within the clusters and promulgate proven practices across the entire public higher education sector. As of December 2018, 130 institutions have joined the initiative. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Powered by Publics: LSU Part of National Effort to Increase College Access and Completion" essay for you Create order The coalition of intuitions plans to find evidence-based strategies and new solutions to achieve equity in college access. Powered by Publics is an institutional response to the 21st century college access movement, which traces its roots to the student organizing of the 60s and 70s. Months before the APLUs announcement, the National Association for College Admission Counseling released a study on Test-Optional Policies (TOPs), admissions policies that dont require standardized tests (SAT or ACT). They found that TOPs increased enrollment of students of color and students from low-socioeconomic backgrounds. Their findings are not surprising, studies have shown that the SAT and ACT have large, racial performance gaps (Freedle, 2003) (Santelices Wilson, 2010) (Rattani, 2016) (Johnson, 2003), positioning them as barriers to college for Black and Latino students. Since 2004, over 1,000 accredited colleges and universities across the country have adopted TOPs, a trend that more will follow. With the movement toward college access, the enrollment of Black college students from low-socioeconomic backgrounds is expected to increase in the next 10 years. While administrations pursue new ways to prioritize diversity and accessibility, so must academic departments and programs. English composition, a course required for all students despite their program of study, is arguably the most important and most in need of change. Lynn Bloom has argued that composition is not only about English instruction, it is about initiating students into proper citizenship. It serves as students first introduction to academic discourse and has the potential to shape their relationship with it moving forward. Composition is a gatekeeper to college access in this way and needs to change with the changing student body. There is no shortage of literature about diversifying college composition, however, composition courses continue to be taught in ways that are hostile to the success of Black students. There are two ways that college composition negatively impacts Black students: the normalizing of white, middle class values and the denial of Black Vernacular English (BVE) in the classroom. To address these issues, I propose that English departments incorporate Hip Hop educational research into their curriculum. Hip Hop pedagogies provide the perfect nexus of culturally relevant linguistic and rhetorical study. According to Emery Petchauer, there are three kinds of Hip Hop educational research: (a) hip-hop-based education†¢studies that use hip-hop, especially rap songs and lyrics, as curricular and pedagogical resources; (b) hip-hop, meaning(s), and identities†¢studies that focus on how students mobilize these texts and how they intersect with identities; and (c) hip-hop aesthetic forms†¢studies that conceptualize the ways of doing or habits of mind produced by hip-hop practices. Applied to practice, these Hip Hop pedagogies will scaffold analytical skills, affirm th e academic validity of BVE, and sharpen critical literacies through comparative cultural study. The Composition Classroom as a Site for Assimilation Cultural assimilation is the process that minority students undergo as they adapt the culture, language, and norms of higher education, a culture that is exclusively middle-class and white. The process is not linear, nor is it absolute, but it is required in some aspect for success within the university structure. Non-white and/or lower-class students must learn to speak and write in Sanctioned American English (SAE) (Elbow, 2010) and conduct themselves according to middle-class propriety. Students who do not conform have difficulty navigating the academy, receive poor grades, or in the worst cases, drop-out. Black undergraduates, who have the lowest retention and graduation rate with the highest drop-out rate, face significant damage to their mental health due to the pressures of assimilation (McGee Stovall, 2015). The primary site for assimilation in the college and university structure is the English composition classroom, where students are first taught to divorce their academic identities from their native culture. According to Lynn Bloom, freshman composition is a middle-class enterprise where students are initiated as good citizens of the university, and essentially, the middle-class. After completing the course, students are expected to effectively participate in the dominant discourse of the middle-class. This expectation is shaped by higher educations promise of class mobility and is the unspoken reason the course is required as an entry-point. Students are indoctrinated and disinfected by the value systems upheld by middle-class teachers in middle-class institutions. Values like respectability, propriety, order, and self-reliance pervade the classroom and hurt lower-class students who have different value systems. Adding a critical race lens to Blooms class lens positions Black students as experiencing a compounded clash of value systems in the composition classroom. Due to the history of slavery and racist social policies in the U.S., race is strongly correlated with class status. The mi ddle-class is historically and majority white and the lower-class is Black and Latinx (Gans, 2005). Therefore, freshman composition is not only a middle-class enterprise, but a white enterprise. The dominant narrative is that all students, regardless of race, enter higher education with the goal of upward mobility. If this is true, why would upholding middle-class, white values of communication and expecting students to assimilate be problematic if it allows them the mobility that they seek? It is problematic because the dominant narrative of class mobility is not the only narrative, nor does it account for the complexity of the race-class matrix. Not all students of color enter higher education with the goal of a middle-class life, a point that Carmen Kynard illustrates in her book Vernacular Insurrections. Her composition colleagues belief that Black students wanted the same liberal arts education as everyone else (2) was vastly different than what her inner-city, high school students expected from college. They imagined college as a liberatory tool that could provide them with the knowledge they needed to better their communities and increase access to higher education fo r students like themselves, a sentiment I heard echoed by many Black students when I was an undergraduate. I found that even students outside of the social sciences and humanities, students who were pursuing paths in engineering, computer science, or health wanted to connect their work to the communities they came from by reducing racial disparities. Goals like these require fluid communication skills, not the strict adherence to white, middle-classed language taught in college composition, language inaccessible to the people they want to help.

The Ultimately Successful The Houthi Movement - 1496 Words

Ultimately successful the Houthi movement was able to get a greater role in the Yemeni government, and even more local autonomy. This agreement helped stave of a full-fledged civil war, but at the same time it reduced the governments ability to conduct any real political or economic reforms. Despite this new agreement President Hadi was ever more determined to ensure no one faction gained too much power within the new federal system. Thus he put forth his chief of staff, Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak, as candidate for Prime Minister in an attempt to help establish his system. The Houthi leadership ultimately did not approve of the appointment, due to Mubarak’s close relationships with President Hadi, so in January of this year Mubarak was abducted at gunpoint. With President Hadi choice no longer an option, the Houthi Leadership wanted one of there own to be come the Prime Minister. Later that month, after the Houthis rejected a power sharing deal a few months prior, and many events causing undue pressure on President Hadi and his cabinet, decided to resign their offices. In a manor of day the Houthi rebels stormed and took over the presidential palace and forced Hadi and his Prime Minister, Khaled Bahah, to officially send resignation letter to the parliament, which promptly declined their resignations; but nonetheless the Houthi rebels forced them out of office and dissolved the cabinet. The Houthi rebels put both Hadi and Bahah under strict house arrest. Hadi later escaped to

The Pursuit of Self-Identification Free Essays

In the novel The Jade Peony, author, Wayson Choy, intelligently writes about two siblings who struggle in the pursuit of self-identification. Their struggles vary as they do not share the same problems during this tough period of their lives. This leads to the debate, whose childhood experiences will affect them more as an adult? Although Jook-Liang had to go through the tough situation of always being under prioritized and always being undermined, her childhood troubles and experiences could never truly be compared with the experiences of Jung Sum. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pursuit of Self-Identification or any similar topic only for you Order Now To put it bluntly, Jung Sum’s childhood experiences will affect him more as an adult than Jook-Liang’s experiences would. The reason for this is because, firstly, Jung Sum, as a child, was never truly showered with love, neither was Jook-Liang, but she did not have to suffer the pain of losing her birth parents as Jung Sum did. Also, Jung Sum had to experience the pain of losing a treasured person or pet multiple times, and while Jook-Liang did lose a person close to her heart, she only experienced it once. Finally, as both Jook-Liang and Jung Sum struggled with identification, Jung Sum was met with problems while identifying his sexual identity, which was not accepted by any society at that period of time. On the other hand Jook-Liang was only required to identify culturally which would cause problems but eventually allow gain acceptance into at least one society. To start with, Jung Sum never had the privilege of being showered with love during his childhood and even though Jook-Liang was greatly oppressed and unfairly treated by people around her, such as Poh-Poh, she would still ocassionally be loved by those surrounding people. This is evident when Poh-Poh helped Jook-Liang to tie her shoelaces while she was getting ready to dance for Wong Suk (Choy 30). As for Jung Sum, although he was only a child, his birth father would violently abuse him and his mother when he was drunk. The quote â€Å"I waited for Daddy to get up from the kitchen floor, half-drunk, waited for him to beat me with his belt. † (Choy 96) clearly shows that Jung Sum had to face the unlucky circumstances of child abuse, something Jook-Liang had the privilege of avoiding as her family never resorted to physical abuse. It would be a scarring memory to be violently abused by ones’ own father as a child, a memory that could be carried for a lifetime. This may affect Jung Sum in his latter years as he may recall the abuse of his father and feel dysfunctional. These unresolved issues could cause a severe case of depression in his life. Furthermore, as Jung Sum was adopted into a new family, he immediately felt like an outsider. â€Å"He thought I was too weak to be his brother, a real brother,† (Choy 93) shows that Jung Sum clearly felt marginalized by his new older brother, Kiam. To be adopted into a family full of new and unfamiliar faces and be rebuked immediately by his own â€Å"brother† was a tough situation to be in, especially after losing both his parents. Jook-Liang did not have to go through the process of being adopted into a new family or having to lose her family members prematurely while Jung Sum did. This could possibly go on to affect Jung Sum and make him feel as though he had no one to rely on but himself, possibly causing him to have a lack of trust for other people in the future. Additionally, his childhood experiences may lead him to develop into an adult influenced by those experiences. These unresolved child issues could dwell within him and could cause him to either be more aggressive or more reserved as an adult. He may recall those experiences when dealing with his own children in the future and could possibly treat them the same way his own father treated him or otherwise, might not even attempt to have a close relationship with them. As Jook-Liang did not undergo any extreme circumstances of child abuse, she would probably be less affected as an adult when compared to Jung Sum. Therefore, Jung Sum has a relatively greater impact on his future life from his adolescent experiences as his experiences produces permanent scars where the problem was not greatly alleviated afterwards. Another problem faced by both of the siblings was with different aspects of identification. Jook-Liang had to struggle with cultural identification while Jung Sum faced problems with sexual identification. Homosexuality is an unaccepted identification which will not be tolerated by any society back in the 1930s, while switching cultural identities will still allow the person to gain acceptance in at least one society. His sexual identity was first suggested in the novel by Poh-Poh as he says that â€Å"Jung Sum is the moon† (Choy 88). Jung Sum then figures out his own sexual identity as it was Frank Yuen that he desired most at that moment during Frank Yuen’s farewell instead of courage (Choy 138) and that â€Å"Frank Yuen is the Sun† (Choy 132) while he is the moon. Having to figure out his own sexual identity at such a young age without any guidance was a hard chore as back then love relationships were known to be present only between females and males. In addition, love between the same gender was not only unaccepted in the society, it was greatly rejected. As a result, Jung Sum had to keep his love for the same gender a secret. The inability to reveal his sexual identification would cause him to have the lack of freedom in the pursuit of a preferred life partner. This could affect his happiness as a whole as he is unable to share life experiences in the love aspect of his life as others normally do because of the inability to express his love for his preferred partner. On the other hand, even though Jook-Liang struggled with her cultural identity, no matter which culture she decides to identify with, she would be still accepted, eventually. Jook-Liang’s desire to assimilate into another culture is evidently shown as she looks up to Shirley Temple, an American dancer and actress. Wanting to assimilate into the western culture, she even hoped to see her own reflection in the mirror possessing a westerner’s features, specifically, Shirley Temple’s features (Choy 41). Her struggle comes in as Poh-Poh constantly reminds her of her cultural roots and where she belongs. In the novel, Poh-poh repeatedly tells Jook-Liang that she is not from Canada†¦ and that she is from China (Choy 34). In comparison of their situation as they struggle to identify themselves in the different aspect, Jung Sum is clearly portrayed to have a harder time even in the future. Not being able to be what he really is, his future would be oppressed as he suppresses himself, such that his secret would not be revealed. To put on a mask his entire life and never reveal his sexuality will take a toll on his adult life and he could never truly bring himself to enjoy his life as a whole. Jook-Liang’s preference of either culture will still allow her to be accepted and although she may not gain the acceptance of one society, she will still gain the acceptance of another, allowing her to lead a normal life. Thirdly, both parties went through the turmoil of losing their loved ones, but Jung Sum had to experience losing many loved ones, losing his mother to violence Frank Yuen to the marines and even his pet turtle, Lao Kwei, to Dai Kew. On the other hand, Jook-Liang only had to experience losing her loved one, Wong Suk, as she never saw him again after he left to go back to China (Choy 71). From when Jung Sum was just a kid, life was tough for him as his father would often abuse him and his mother when he was drunk. His mother was the only one who would protect him from harm from his drunk father as Jung Sum would always be waiting for her to â€Å"tell him to stop†¦[and] twist against the falling belt and take the blows† (Choy 96). Having such a rough childhood is scarring enough for Jung Sum and yet, he lost his mother at that young age. He went through various foster homes and eventually ended up with the Chen family where he finally found a place called home. In the Chen family, the life for him from the beginning was not exactly hard, as Father and stepmother treated him relatively well. However, he still took time to adapt and at his time with the Chen family, he discovered Lao Kwei and was ecstatic that he could finally own something, having something that he felt that truly belonged to him. Not long after, he lost his beloved turtle as his family decided that it would be okay for Dai Kew to claim back his turtle as he required it for his own personal purposes (Choy 85). Next, when he came to realize that he had a strong attraction to Frank Yuen, it was not long after that he Frank Yuen left him too. As Frank Yuen left to Seattle to join the marines, he left Vancouver and was not expected to return for the next few years (Choy 134). It is evident that Jung Sum had to experience more pain and suffering than Jook-Liang as he had to repeatedly lose loved ones to different circumstances while Jook-Liang only had to go through that process once. This could cause Jung Sum to gain an insecure mentality that will cause him to always expect the least out of something, possibly causing him to lose hope in many things in the future. Although Jook-Liang may feel sad and depressed about the departure of Wong Suk, she would not have to endure the pain of losing another loved one anytime soon. Coming to a conclusion, both Jook-Liang and Jung Sum had to undergo many challenges and experiences as a child which could affect them as adults. Although Jook-Liang did experience tough trials during her childhood, Jung Sum was a victim of severe turmoil as a child and therefore, his experiences will affect him more as an adult. As a child, Jung Sum never had the opportunity of being showered with love by his own family as Jook-Liang did. Other than that, he also had to experience the pain of losing a loved one or a treasured pet a few times while Jook-Liang only experienced it once. Lastly, his homosexuality was adamantly not accepted by any society in the world at that moment in time while Jook-Liang had to only face the troubles of cultural identification, which still allowed her to be accepted by at least one type of society. All in all, Jung Sum had a tougher childhood experience than Jook-Liang and that would affect his adult life greatly in the future. How to cite The Pursuit of Self-Identification, Papers

Great Expectations Vs. Oliver Twist Essay Example For Students

Great Expectations Vs. Oliver Twist Essay During his lifetime, Charles Dickens is known to have written severalbooks. Although each book is different, they also share many similarities. Two of his books, Great Expectations and Oliver Twist, are representativesof the many kinds of differences and similarities found within his work. Perhaps the reason why these two novels share some of the samequalities is because they both reflect painful experiences which occurredin Dickens past. During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abusefrom his parents.1 This abuse is often expressed in his novels. Pip, inGreat Expectations, talked often about the abuse he received at the handsof his sister, Mrs. Joe Gargery. On one occasion he remarked, I soon foundmyself getting heavily bumped from behind in the nape of the neck and thesmall of the back, and having my face ignominously shoved against the wall,because I did not answer those questions at sufficient length.2While at the orphanage, Oliver from Oliver Twist also experienced agreat amount of abuse. For example, while suffering from starvation andmalnutrition for a long period of time, Oliver was chosen by the other boysat the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After makingthis simple request, the master (at the orphanage) aimed a blow atOlivers h ead with the ladle; pinioned him in his arms; and shrieked aloudfor the beadle.3The whole beginning of Oliver Twists story was created from memorieswhich related to Charles Dickens childhood in a blacking factory ( whichwas overshadowed by the Marshalsea Prison ).4 While working in the blackingfactory, Dickens suffered tremendous humiliation. This humiliation isgreatly expressed through Olivers adventures at the orphanage before he issent away. Throughout his lifetime, Dickens appeared to have acquired a fondnessfor the bleak, the sordid, and the austere.5 Most of Oliver Twist, forexample, takes place in Londons lowest slums.6 The city is described as amaze which involves a mystery of darkness, anonymity, and peril.7 Many ofthe settings, such as the pickpockets hideout, the surrounding streets,and the bars, are also described as dark, gloomy, and bland.8 Meanwhile, inGreat Expectations, Miss Havishams house is often made to sounddepressing, old, and lonely. Many of the objects within the house had notbeen touched or moved in many years. Cobwebs were clearly visible as wellas an abundance of dust, and even the wedding dress which Miss Havishamconstantly wore had turned yellow with age.9However, similarities are not just found in the settings. The novelstwo main characters, Pip and Oliver, are also similar in many ways. Bothyoung boys were orphaned practically from birth; but where Pip is sent tolive with and be abused by his sister, Oliver is sent to live in anorphanage. Pip is a very curious young boy. He is a child of intense andyearning fancy.10 Yet, Oliver is well spoken. Even while his life was indanger while in the hands of Fagin and Bill Sikes, two connivingpickpockets, he refused to participate in the stealing which he so greatlyopposed. All Oliver really longed for was to escape from harsh livingconditions and evil surroundings which he had grown up in.11 However, nomatter how tempting the evil may have been, Oliver stood by his beliefs. Therefore, he can be referred to as ideal and incorruptible innocence.12It is Olivers self-generated and self-sustained love, conferred it wouldseem from Heaven alone, that preserves him from disaster and death.13Unfortunately, many critics have found it hard to believe that a boysuch as Oliver Twist could remain so innocent, pure, and well spoken giventhe long period of time in which he was surrounded by evil andinjustices.14Pip, on the other hand, is a dreamer. His imagination is alwayshelping him to create situations to cover up for his hard times. Forexample, when questioned about his first visit to Miss Havishams house, hemade up along elaborate story to make up for the terrible time he had inreality. Instead of telling how he played cards all day while beingridiculed and criticized by Estella and Miss Havisham, he claimed that theyplayed with flags and swords all day after having wine and cake on goldplates.15 However, one special quality possessed by Pip that is rarely seenin a novels hero is that he wrongs others instead of being hurt himselfall of the time.16Another similarity between Oliver and Pip is that they both have hadinteractions with convicts. Fagin the head of a group of young thieves,spends most of his time trying to demoralize and corrupt Oliver andprevent him from ever coming into his inheritance.17 To Oliver, he is seenas an escape from all previous misery. He also helps Oliver to ease anyfears about starvation and loneliness.18Just as Fagin is Olivers means of escape, Magwitch, an escapedconvict, is Pips. However, as Fagin provides Oliver with an escape frommisery, Magwitch tries to provide Pip with an escape from poverty bybecoming his anonymous benefactor. Creative Writing: The Person Behind The Mask EssayBIBLIOGRAPHYCarey, John. Here Comes Dickens The Imagination of aNovelist. New York: Schocken Books, 1974. Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. New York: TheHeritage Club, 1939. Dickens, Charles. Oliver Twist. New York: Dodd, Mead, andCompany, 1949. Johnson, Edgar. Charles Dickens His Tragedy and Triumph. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1952. Kincaid, James R. Dickens and the Rhetoric of Laughter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971. Marcus, Steven. Dickens: From Pickwick to Dombey. GreatBritain: Basic Books, 1965. Slater, Michael, ed. Dickens 1970. New York: Stein and DayPublishers, 1970. Slater, Michael. Dickens and Women. California: StanfordUniversity Press, 1983. Stewart, Garrett. Dickens and the Trials of Imagination. Massachusettes: Harvard University Press, 1974. Welsh, Alexander. The City of Dickens. Oxford: ClaredonPress, 1971. Wilkie, Katherine E. Charles Dickens, The Inimitable Boz. New York: Abelard Schuman, 1970. FOOTNOTES1 Steven Marcus, Dickens: From Pickwick to Dombey (GreatBritain: Basic Books, 1965) 82. 2 Charles Dickens, Great Expectations (New York: The HeritageClub, 1939) 69. 3 Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist (New York: Dodd, Mead, andCompany, 1949) 16-17. 4 Katharine E. Wilkie, Charles Dickens, The Inimitable Boz(New York: Abelard Schuman, 1970) 77-78. 5 Marcus 71. 6 Wilkie 77. 7 Marcus 256. 8 Edgar Johnson, Charles Dickens His Tragedy and Triumph(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1952) 273. 9 Dickens, Expectations 62. 10 Garrett Stewart, Dickens and the Trials of Imagination(Massachusettes: Harvard University Press, 1974) 187. 11 Marcus 74. 12 Marcus 80. 13 Marcus 83. 14 John Carey, Here Comes Dickens The Imagination of aNovelist (New York: Schocken Books, 1974) 149. 15 Dickens, Expectations 71-72. 16 Alexander Welsh, The City of Dickens (Oxford: ClaredonPress, 1971) 107-108. 17 Marcus 75. 18 James R. Kincaid, Dickens and the Rhetoric of Laughter(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971) 72. 19 Kincaid 51. 20 Kincaid 51. 21 Kincaid 53. 22 Kincaid 72. 23 Wilkie 78. 24 Welsh 82. 25 Marcus 55.

The Formation Of Identity Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Formation Of Identity Essay, Research Paper The Formation of Identity Our ain organic structures can travel without the will carry oning them ( Descartes 73 ) . This doctrine is based upon the thought that the organic structure is merely a machine used by its agent, the psyche. Therefore, non merely would the organic structure be able to run without the psyche, as Rene Descartes suggests, presuming that will is enveloped in the thought of the psyche, but the psyche would besides be able to last outside the organic structure, substituting organic structures and outside signifiers but still able to go on to be or map in malice of losing its original ( or possibly merely long term ) bureau. The storyteller in The Mask surely uses this thought in the formation of her individuality. At first she hardly even recognizes any connexion between her organic structure and her individuality ( or what she views as her individuality ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Formation Of Identity Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, as the two blend, she divides them once more, morphing into a machine, much like the metaphor Descartes employs. The separation of the organic structure and psyche non merely allows her organic structure to map without her individuality carry oning it but besides allows her individuality to take itself from its original organic structure to that of a machine. The storyteller s individuality in The Mask is shown as a separate entity from that of her organic structure, and hence her individuality does non be as a consequence of or even in connexion with her organic structure, instead it is formed by her ideas, memories and fate. From the beginning, it is apparent that her individuality does non depend upon her organic structure. She existed in the beginning ( Lem 67 ) , sing the darkness and cold fire ( 67 ) even before she experiences any physical cognition of her organic structure. As each new esthesis is discovered, from physical feeling to really cognizing her gender, she is able to grok more and conceive of more thoughts, yet she was still in complete ignorance about [ herself ] ( 69 ) , mentioning to her organic structure. She is able to cognize of her feelings and reactions during this clip of find which hence lead one to the thought that she has some kind of consciousness during that clip and that this must be her individuality or p syche because her organic structure, as yet, played no portion. It is evident that, from the beginning, her individuality has no connexion to her organic structure. Although it seems as though the storyteller s individuality canastas with her organic structure, it is clear that her ideas and true inner emotions are in actuality wholly divided from her organic structure. Her organic structure would travel and run without the storyteller really commanding it. In fact, as her organic structure moved, she does non even cognize where she is traveling but merely that it is go oning on ( 68 ) . Her organic structure moves through the gestures of walking through the hall and curtsying, all the while the storyteller s individuality inquiring how [ she ] cognize this so good and with such certainty ( 69 ) . She has no cognition of her organic structure s experiences beyond that which had rushed into [ her ] at the entryway of the hall ( 70 ) . Simply, her individuality has nil to make with what her organic structure is making. It is really possible for her individuality to command its organic structure ( because that occurs subsequently in the narrative ) and respond to the organic structure every bit good. For case, in coming into contact with the gentleman, the storyteller blooms. She had nil whatever to make with that bloom, it came from the same beginning as the cognition that had entered [ her ] at the threshold of the hall ( 72 ) . This bloom, a natural reaction, had come from the same beginning as her organic structure s intuitions, being the organic structure itself. It is evident that she had no control over her reactions, and in comparing this to her cognition, it is besides evident that her organic structure had a life of its ain. It moves in the ways it needs and it reacts intuitively without the soul/identity interfering. The storyteller s separation of her individuality from its organic structure follows the ideas of Descartes. Descartes doctrine of the organic structure is that it is like a machine, and because a machine has no psyche, the organic structure needs no psyche to run. He states our ain organic structures can travel without the will carry oning them ( Descartes 73 ) like machines which the industry of adult male can invent ( 73 ) . If a machine can run efficaciously, holding all of the correct parts to execute basic maps, so the organic structure, being merely comprised of variety meats and a web of venas and arterias, should be able to besides work on its ain. The difference between a machine and the human organic structure is that machines could neer utilize words or other marks, composing them as we do to declare our ideas to others ( 74 ) . Second, machines do non move through cognition ( 74 ) . In other words, machines are neither able to gestate of nor express ideas or thoughts. Wo rlds can and Descartes suggests that this is because we have a spirit ; an individuality. The storyteller in The Mask is able to both conceive of and show thought s, despite her mechanical alteration and visual aspect. This both agrees with and challenges Descartes doctrine. The storyteller still feels a withdrawal from her organic structure as she is morphing into another organic structure. She sets up the full operation though still views the state of affairs about in 3rd individual, seeing the actions of her organic structure and thought of them as really separate from her true individuality. She looks into the mirror and sees her organic structure as if [ it ] intended to stab [ itself ] , a scene dramatically perfect ( Lem 212 ) . She sees her life as one views a drama, a scene played out by histrions, portraying a character though non really that character on the interior, their true individuality hidden and different from the portion that they are playing. Then, she cuts unfastened the organic structure and sees the tremendous foetus ( 83 ) . It is here that she understands that it was non it, a foreign thing, different and other, it was once more [ herself ] ( 83 ) . This is where the storyteller s individuality challenges Descartes doctrine. She transforms into the mechanical preying mantid. She non merely becomes this insect, but her individuality seems to morph into the mantid every bit good, for it is merely so that she realizes her true fate, to kill her lover. It is this irresistible impulse which antecedently [ she ] had merely suspected ( 89 ) , and now cognize in her organic structure. In Descartes thought, this machine could non hold a psyche much less create the fate for a psyche. But, in fact, this is what happens to the storyteller. She becomes a mechanism with a multiple memory of things otiose to a hunting machine ( 91 ) . In going this, she realizes her fate and it is forced upon her. She is controlled by this machines fate, giving to the reflecting metal [ which ] had composing into it movements ( 84 ) . She follows these instructions, her individuality organizing itself by the actions of her new organic structure. She is gratified when those [ she ] came upon prostrated themselves ( 88 ) and when her lower sense of odor went idle [ she ] experienced a feeling of bad luck ( 88 ) . The storyteller begins to believe and respond in the manner her organic structure reacts, intermixing the two together. This contradicts both with her experience in the human organic structure every bit good as with Descartes definition of individuality and psyche. She at one time is controlled by and controls her organic structure, a machine. In Descartes doctrine, a sensible psyche could non in any manner be derived from the power of affair it must be created expressly ( Descartes 162 ) . In The Mask, the storyteller is recreated in the mechanical preying mantid. She acts and reacts upon acquiring instructions from the machine. The storyteller insists that she still has an individuality with desire [ and ] fate ( Lem 91 ) , yet it is derived from the machine. This besides differs from her old experience with her human organic structure. When she is in the human organic structure, the storyteller is able to believe and respond to what her organic structure is making. Her organic structure is able to move on its ain every bit good. This defined a big separation between the individuality and the organi c structure, as Descartes expressed. If a organic structure were to hold no head ( and hence no individuality ) , it would still travel in all the same ways that it does [ with a head ] ( Descartes 163 ) . In this state of affairs, the reader is lead to believe that the individuality genuinely is separate from the organic structure. Yet, so the storyteller transforms into a mechanical being and so is controlled by that being and its fate. This contradicts intensely as her individuality becomes that of the machine. The machine and its destiny signifier the storyteller s individuality, non by her actions because even though she tries to alter her fate into what she desires, destiny wins and her lover is dead in the terminal. The formation of one s individuality is so really hard to follow. Descartes attempted to at least fit boundaries on how an individuality or psyche is created, saying that our psyche is of a nature wholly independent of the organic structure ( Descartes 162 ) . The Mask efforts to both prove and refute this doctrine, or possibly merely dispute it. The storyteller inhabits two organic structures throughout the class of the narrative. Each one represents a different method of making an individuality. In the human organic structure, the individuality is created expressly. The individuality develops itself without influence from the organic structure it is in. But, one time changed into the mechanical insect, the storyteller all of a sudden finds her individuality run by the machine. She finds herself following the machine s instructions and falling into the machine s fate. This suggests an individuality formed by the organic structure that it occupies. Is the individuality formed in it o f itself or is it created by its bureau? The individuality foremost develops itself without relation to anything else, including its organic structure. As one s individuality morphs and alterations as its environment transforms. The individuality is formed through a combination of these two thoughts. 33a

USS Lake Champlain - CV-39 - Korean War

USS Lake Champlain - CV-39 - Korean War USS Lake Champlain (CV-39) - Overview: Nation:  United States Type:  Aircraft Carrier Shipyard:  Norfolk Naval Shipyard Laid Down:  March 15, 1943 Launched:  November 2, 1944 Commissioned:  June 3, 1945 Fate:  Sold for scrap, 1972 USS Lake Champlain (CV-39) - Specifications: Displacement:  27,100 tons Length:  888 ft. Beam:  93 ft. (waterline) Draft:  28 ft., 7 in. Propulsion:  8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed:  33 knots Complement:  3,448 men USS Lake Champlain (CV-39) - Armament: 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft: 90-100 aircraft USS Lake Champlain (CV-39) - A New Design: Planned in the 1920s and 1930s, the US Navys  Lexington- and  Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were designed to meet the tonnage constraints established by the  Washington Naval Treaty. This placed limitations on the tonnage of various classes of vessels as well as installed a ceiling on each signatory’s overall tonnage. This approach was extended and revised by the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As the global situation worsened in the 1930s, Japan and Italy decided to depart the treaty system. With the failure of the agreement, the US Navy elected to advance efforts to create a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which incorporated the lessons learned from the  Yorktown-class. The resulting vessel was wider and longer as well as included a deck-edge elevator system. This had been utilized earlier on  USS  Wasp  (CV-7). In addition to carrying a more sizable air group, the new design included a more powerful anti-aircraft armament. Construction began on the lead ship,  USS  Essex  (CV-9), on April 28, 1941. With the attack on Pearl Harbor and US entry into  World War II, the  Essex-class soon became the US Navys primary design for fleet carriers. The initial four vessels after  Essex  followed the class original design. In early 1943, the US Navy made several alterations with goal of enhancing future vessels. The most noticeable of these changes was lengthening the bow to a clipper design which allowed for the mounting of two quadruple 40 mm mounts. Other changes saw the combat information center moved under the armored deck, improved ventilation and aviation fuel systems, a second catapult on the flight deck, and an additional fire control director. Called the long-hull  Essex-class or  Ticonderoga-class by some, the US Navy made no distinction between these and the earlier  Essex-class ships. USS Lake Champlain (CV-38) - Construction: The first carrier to commence construction with the improved Essex-class design was USS  Hancock  (CV-14) which was later re-named Ticonderoga.   This was followed by a multitude of ships including USS Lake Champlain (CV-39).   Named for Master Commandant Thomas MacDonoughs victory at Lake Champlain during the War of 1812, work began on March 15, 1943, at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard.   Sliding down the ways on November 2, 1944, Mildred Austin, wife of Vermont Senator Warren Austin, served as sponsor.   Construction rapidly moved forward and Lake Champlain  entered commission on June 3, 1945, with Captain Logan C. Ramsey in command.   USS Lake Champlain (CV-38) - Early Service: Completing shakedown operations along the East Coast, the carrier was ready for active service shortly after the war ended.   As a result, Lake Champlains first assignment was to Operation Magic Carpet which saw it steaming across the Atlantic to return American servicemen from Europe.   In November 1945, the carrier set a trans-Atlantic speed record when it sailed from Cape Spartel, Morocco to Hampton Roads in 4 days, 8 hours, 51 minutes while maintaining a speed of 32.048 knots.   This record stood until 1952 when it was broken by the liner SS United States.   As the US Navy downsized in the years after the war, Lake Champlain was moved into reserve status on February 17, 1947.   USS Lake Champlain (CV-39) - Korean War: With the beginning of the Korean War in June 1950, the carrier was reactivated and moved Newport News Shipbuilding for an SCB-27C modernization.   This saw major modifications to the carriers island, removal of its twin 5 gun mounts, enhancements to internal and electronic systems, rearrangement of internal spaces, strengthening of the flight deck, as well as the installation of steam catapults.   Leaving the yard in September 1952, Lake Champlain, now designated an attack aircraft carrier (CVA-39), began a shakedown cruise in the Caribbean in November.   Returning the following month, it then departed for Korea on April 26, 1953.   Sailing via the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, it arrived at Yokosuka on June 9.    Made flagship of Task Force 77, Lake Champlain commenced launching strikes against North Korean and Chinese forces.   In addition, its aircraft escorted US Air Force B-50 Superfortress bombers on raids against the enemy.   Lake Champlain continued to mount attacks and supported ground forces ashore until the signing of the truce on July 27.   Remaining in Korean waters until October, it left when USS (CV-33) arrived to take its place.   Departing, Lake Champlain touched at Singapore, Sri Lanka, Egypt, France, and Portugal on its way back to Mayport, FL.   Arriving home, the carrier began a series of peacetime training operations with NATO forces in the Atlantic and Mediterranean.    USS Lake Champlain (CV-39) - Atlantic NASA:               As tensions in the Middle East spiked in April 1957, Lake Champlain raced to the eastern Mediterranean where it operated off Lebanon until the situation calmed.   Returning to Mayport in July, it was re-classified as an anti-submarine carrier (CVS-39) on August 1.   After briefly training on the East Coast, Lake Champlain departed for a deployment to the Mediterranean.   While there, it provided aid in October following devastating floods in Valencia, Spain.   Continuing to alternate between the East Coast and European waters, Lake Champlains home port shifted to Quonset Point, RI in September 1958.   The next year saw the carrier move through the Caribbean and conduct a midshipmen training cruise to Nova Scotia.   In May 1961, Lake Champlain sailed to serve as the primary recovery ship for the first manned spaceflight by an American.   Operating approximately 300 miles east of Cape Canaveral, the carriers helicopters successfully recovered astronaut Alan Shepard and his Mercury capsule, Freedom 7, on May 5.   Resuming routine training operations during the next year, Lake Champlain then joined in the naval quarantine of Cuba during the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.   In November, the carrier left the Caribbean and returned to Rhode Island.   Overhauled in 1963, Lake Champlain provided aid to Haiti in the wake of Hurricane Flora in September.   The next year saw the ship continue peacetime duties as well as take part in exercises off Spain. Though the US Navy desired to have Lake Champlain further modernized in 1966, this request was blocked by Secretary of the Navy Robert McNamara who believed that the anti-submarine carrier concept was ineffective.   In August 1965, the carrier again aided NASA by recovering Gemini 5 which splashed down in the Atlantic.   As Lake Champlain was not to be further modernized, it steamed for Philadelphia a short time later to prepare for deactivation.   Placed in the Reserve Fleet, the carrier was decommissioned on May 2, 1966.   Remaining in reserve, Lake Champlain was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on December 1, 1969 and sold for scrap three years later. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Lake Champlain  (CV-39)NavSource: USS  Lake Champlain  (CV-39)USS  Lake Champlain  (CV-39) - Air Groups

Compare, contrast and summarize the information from 3 article Essay

Compare, contrast and summarize the information from 3 article together - Essay Example Short term use of stimulants known to be an effective intervention strategy, Corkum and associates (2010) investigate the long term impacts of methylphenidate (MPH). 85 children with ADHD were initially assessed with Wide range achievement test-revised (WRAT-R), parent and teacher rating, estimated intellectual ability, OCHS academic and psychosocial ratings, duration of medication and academic support. Children were randomly assigned to MPH treatment and placebo group in a double blind trial, with former administered a gradually rising dose of 5mg/administration to reach a target dose of 0.7mg/Kg body weight. 12 months later baseline assessments were repeated and using regression analysis academic performance was estimated, one for each subset of WRAT-R and for parent and teacher ratings with baseline covariates, and total treatments as variables. The results indicated that both medication and academic interventions were insignificant in academic improvement. II. Clarfield and Stone r (2005), explored the efficacy of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on ADHD. The study specifically explored the role of headsprout reading basics; an internet based reading program as a CAI tool in improving the reading and task engagement. 3 children, selected using BASC (behavior assessment system for children), ADHD ratings; and parent, teacher & psychologist interview; received Reading Recovery instruction as part of their curriculum, along with two of them receiving stimulants and one consulting psychologist as part of prior interventions. The frequency of sessions (20-30 minute) was thrice a week with participants completing 27, 24 and 21 sessions. They were assessed using DIEBELS (Dynamic indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) oral reading fluency (DORF) and BOSS (Behaviour observation of students in schools). An improvement in reading fluency was observed in all three students, along with reduction in off task behaviour. III. Shalev et al (2007) tested that a systema tic individualized computerized progressive attentional training (CPAT) can at least partially overcome the lack of attention characteristic of ADHD. CPAT was designed to train each of the four attentional networks, i.e. sustained, selective, orienting, and executive attentions. A double blind randomized control trial (RCT) involving 20 children in treatment and 16 in control group, with baseline similarities in age and intelligence and meeting the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD was conducted. The training schedule was two one hour sessions per week continuing for eight weeks. Pre and post assessments tests relevant to the grade of the child assessing reading, writing, mathematical skills and parental ratings were used for evaluating results. The results specifically showed improvements in all the above fields within two weeks of initiation of CPAT. Critical Evaluation I. 1. What claims are being made? Lack of long term and cumulative impact of MPH on ADHD related academic underperformanc e. 2. What evidence has been provided to support the claims (research study, expert opinion...) The evidences include research study with exhaustive assessments and naturalistic trials. 3. Is the evidence credible (are the tests relevant, can they be repeated, examine validity and reliability)? Assessments are subjective as well as objective enabling repeatability, reliability and validity.

Impact Youth Subcultural Lifestyles and Values Essay

Impact Youth Subcultural Lifestyles and Values - Essay Example The essay "Impact Youth Subcultural Lifestyles and Values" explores how fashion and music influence on the lifestyles and values. Both fashion and music suffered similar fate. Fashion seemed inclined to consider designer labels more important to wearability of the clothes. In music, post-modernism allowed the â€Å"collage, pastiche and quotation,† a hodgepodge way of creating music erasing the distinction between music genres. But superficial or not, music and fashion would definitely affect the cultural language and dynamics of contemporary youth. Mcrobbie (1994) wrote about the power and influence of music on fashion of youth but the result was contrary to what many would perceive as sexist. Shabba Ranks, a raggae / pop music crossover musician created a rage called Ragga girls (p.183). This created a sensation in the 1990’s when Ragga girls would be taken up not only by black girls but Asians and Caucasians. Along with the music was a distinct fashion sense that sep arated Ragga girls from the mainstream. The Ragga girls wore the hair â€Å"scraped back tightly into buns, wearing gold jewellery, trainers, leggings and fake-fur winter coats†. Examining the content of the song, many observed that the lyrics include sexist and homophobic contexts. The cultural interpretation of the Ragga girls, however did not conform to what was observed. Instead, an alternative value on the power of the female sex and pleasure emerged. The dance routines that go with the Shabba Ranks music was considered explicit. also considered sexually explicit and bordering on the obscene. However, Mcrobbie (1994) would provide another explanation for the behaviour. The girls were merely expressing "the rhetoric of a proud young female sexuality. " It is "combined with the sheer physical enjoyment of dance, working together to produce a euphoria of pleasure and of power" (p.184). The above example presented evidence that subculture of fashion and music was a departure from the frame of cultural contexts and values. Fashion and Music: A Postmodern Construct The youth category on cultural and sociological research lacks appropriate definition and orientation. The classification of youth can differ from culture to culture. For example, preadolescent individuals and people in their 30's and 40's may comprise the youth sector of a given cultural context. The distinction may also be derived from chronology or cultural position (Bucholtz 2002,p.526). The youth represents a segment of society that many sociologists and anthropologists consider as innovative. The youth may work inside or outside the system depending on the situation. Traditional views consider the youth subculture were consequences of the working-class consciousness where emergent subculture was "authentic and in the first instance at least uncontaminated by an avaricious commercial culture" (Mcrobbie 1994, p.179). The presumption is no longer applicable as today's complex social systems of mass media, commercial culture and the state (p.179). The proliferation of fashion and music purported to be rebellious expression of the youth against control and authority would in fact be more congruent with Michle Barrett's observation that youth subculture is a product of "turn[ing] to culture and the 'processes of symbolization'" (p.179)

Nike Brand Equity Analysis

Nike Brand Equity Analysis Introduction The world constantly changes and disparities, however, some top brands seem to keep their leadership position in their industry to this day. Strong brands are amazingly durable and have the ultimate ability to overcome many challenges. Either does Nike. Since its creation in 1971 in the USA, the Nike swoosh is still one of the worlds most valuable brand despite of the severe crises. Ranked at 26 on the list of Interbrands Best Global Brands in 2009 with a brand value at $13.2 billion dollars, up 4% from a value of $12.7 billion last year, Nike is the best among sports brand, left the big competitors, Adidas and Puma far behind (Interbrand report, 2009). So how has Nike got ahead and stayed ahead? This article will be employed Elliott and Percys structural framework of brand equity synthesis to investigate in four dimensions of Nike brand equity, namely: brand attitude (functional and emotional features), symbolic meaning, brand awareness and brand loyalty to draw the deposit picture of Nike brand equity in the sportswear industry. About Nike In 1962, inspired by athlete aspiration, Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight shook their hand to cofounded Blue Ribbon Sports, precursor of Nike. The initial business then was to distribute low-cost and high quality Japanese athletic shoes to American. Today, Nike not only designs and sells athletic shoes at every profitable market worldwide, but also operates in athletic apparel, sport equipment and subsidiary venture including Cole Haan, Converse Inc., Hurley International LLC, Nike Golf and Umbro Ltd (Nike report, 2009). Headquartered at Oregon, United States, Nike has been presented across more than 160 countries around the world targeting its primary market regions: United States, Europe, Asia Pacific and the Americas. Nike employs about 32,500 people as of May 31, 2008 (Datamonitor Research, 2009). By indirect or direct way, Nike touches the lives of millions more with its innovative products that transform every sport into a winning battle (Superbrands, 2002). Nike customers The decade ago, Bill Bowerman, the co-founder of Nike once said If you have a body, you are an athlete (Nike company overview, 2010). This motto transmitted not only the whole brand characteristics but also the main targeted customers. They are athletes and anyone with a body. Nike offers a wide product portfolio of sport-inspired lifestyle apparel, accessories and equipment. Nike provides athletic footwear for runners, trainers and basketball players. The company also offers shoes and equipments specially designed for those addicted tennis and golf players and etcetera. Such diverse product extensions enable the company to satisfy the varied athletic needs of its customers (Datomonitor Research, 2009) Nike and its rivals Sportswear has been a thriving market in recent years. According to the research Global footwear: Industry profile releasing by Datomonitor in 2009, the global footwear market generated total revenues of $ 196,617 million in 2008. Thus, Nike has experienced intense competition from the moment its first sporting shoes being introduced to their customers. Globally, this market is dominated by the big three namely Nike, Adidas, and Puma (Sport+Markt Report, 2008; Keynote Report, 2010). Adidas Adidas was truly the first sports company, it was founded in 1920. They once really blew in the decade of 70s and 80s. By the early 90s, Adidas realized itself forgotten in the back of game. In the 21st century, the brand has steadily affirmed its position and seems on renaissance. Adidas brand increased its value at 6%, ranked 62th on the list of Best Global Brands 2009 and continued to take the second largest sporting goods manufactures behind Nike (Interbrand, 2009) The overall Adidas brand competes straightly and closely with Nikes value proposition. Nike aims To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world, meanwhile, Adidas mission is Improving every athletes performance through innovation. The brand values of Adidas have been claimed that authenticity, inspiration, honesty and commitment are derived from sport. (Datamonitor research, 2009) Puma Placed at 97th, Puma brand appeared at the first time on the Interbrand annual report. Interbrand analysts gave the positive compliments for Pumas effort to compete against the big rivals. Through new design, co-branding and partnerships with celebrities and famous designers such as Alexander McQueen and Hussein Chalayan, Puma refreshes their brand image. The company defines its brand as the mixes of sport, lifestyle and fashion to increase its desirability (Puma report, 2009). The Puma brand differentiates itself from Nike by communicating lifestyle driven style with active lifestyle themes whereas Nike focusing on performance driven style. Nike brand equity Having and holding customers is likely to be a competitive battle which each brand tries all efforts to win. They compete for functional attributes, distinctive services or innovative technologies (Aaker, 1991). So what are emotional and functional benefits which Nike provides for their customers? Functional and emotional features of the brand Since Nike was set up by someone who has a deep passion for athletics and running, it should come no surprise that product is important. Products that are comfortable, authentic, functionally innovative and uniquely designed (Nike report, 1985). The innovative technology is considered as one of the defining dimensions of Nikes brand identity and corporate culture. The simple driving concept has led to some impressive innovations which is considered as one of the defining dimensions of Nikes brand identity and corporate culture. The first highlight was Air cushioning, using pressurized gas to cushion impact and new materials such as Urathane, that was used first with the Air Max running shoes (Nike report, 1987). More recently, to obtain maximum performance, Nike Sport Research laboratory has discovered the innovative technology such as Shox, which are made mostly of rubber and spring back adding more power to a runners stride and Total 90 Concept, a range of equipment to help players perform over 90 minutes of a soccer match (Keller, 2008) Such innovative technology which Nike has used has gained the strong hold in consumers perceptions. The research of Ross and Harradine (2004) focusing on relationship between young school children and branding, particularly sportswear shoes brands showed that children aged from 4 7 years old believed that these brands could improve their personal performance. They do very fast shoes. They make you run faster. They are also comfortable and look good, they added. Clearly, functional benefit is the fundamental and classical features to communicate with customers. However, if Nike just provided high quality running shoes to enhance athletic performance, Nike would not be strong brands. According to Aakers (1991), big brands need to be beyond the purely functional relationships. They should create a more strong emotional attachment with core consumers because emotional benefits add richness and depth to the brand and the experience of owning and using the brand (Aakers, 2009) Guinn et al (p219, 2008) stated that Nike offers emotional benefits which are the exhilaration of athletic performance excellence; feeling engaged, active, and healthy; exhilaration from admiring professional and college athletes as they perform wearing your brand when they win, you win too. Associated brand with the top athletes, Nike tells story of brands which the main themes is sportsmanship and unrelenting effort. These are the story of Michael Jordan who won a record 10th scoring title and was selected as one of the 50 Greatest Players (NBA history, 2010) in Americans National basketball association championship. Lance Armstrong survived and won a second straight Tour de France while Tiger Woods completed the career Grand Slam, ensuring his place in golf history at the age where most of us are still wondering what we will do when we grow up (Nike report, 2000). The most three prominent athletes has generated the inspiration for young and next generation of athletes. Nike has succeeded to transfer their inspirations to every single purchaser. Wearing every pair of Nike shoes is to engage a passion for excellence and encourage to do your own thing. Just do it the tagline could sum up all the greatest values of brand which is (Superbrands case study, 2002). Symbolic meaning Products are no longer just products, they move beyond the functional meanings. Nowadays, they are definitely social tools serving as a means of communication between the individual and his significant references (Grubb and Grathwohl, 1967 as cited by Banister and Hogg, 2003). Products are considered as a symbol of individuality and uniqueness, and also symbol of affiliation and social identification. It is particularly trued with the fashion brands. Fashion brands such as clothes, bags, shoes and etc satisfy opposing functions, both social identification and distinction among individuals (Banister Hogg, 2003) Nike must have understood the recipe well. The Just do It campaign in the early 1990s would be a perfect example. Losing ground to archrival Reebok which was quick initiative on designing style, fashion aerobics shoes in 1980s (Keller, 2008), Nike responded dramatically and forcefully by launching the Just do it campaign which was mainly focused on person wearing on products instead of product itself. Heroes and hero worship was being built as the main themes of advertising. Celebrity endorsements such as Bo Jackson, John McEnroe and Michael Jordon appealed to the consumers sense of belonging and hipness. In other words, Americans consumers were convinced that wearing for every part of your life was smart (the shoes are designed for comfort) and hip (everyone else is wearing them; you too can belong to this group) (CFAR, 1998). Just Do It campaign succeeded (Nike increased its share of the domestic sport shoe business after launching this campaign in America from 18 percent to 43 percent, regained the leader position) because it could fascinate customers in both separating ways. Wearing Nike as a self fulfilling image declaration if you are hip, you are probably wearing Nike. But perhaps most importantly, it could create the desirable needs -if you want to be hip, wear Nike (CFAR, 1998). Symbolic meanings of Nike brand are also tracked in the research on Symbolic and functional positioning of brands of Bhat and Reddy (1998). This study showed that Nike scored high on the prestige and personality expression scales (See Appendix). The findings of Hogg et al (1998) also support the success of attached the symbolic and emblematic meanings to sportswear brands. The youth showed facility in interpreting the symbolic meanings attached to the sports brands which were associated with the different sports stars (such as footballers, rugby players, athletes and tennis players) and with different sports (e.g. football and rugby.) Brand Loyalty Luring by good shoe with innovative functionality and athletic aspiration value, Nike has indeed come to mind and heart of its customers. By the mid of 1990s, 77 percent of male Americans from the age of 18 to 25 chose Nike as their favourite shoe, according to Rozanski et al (1999). The figure still remains stably despite of that up and down year Nike has been experience, gaining the high score of customer satisfaction at 79 percent rated by The American Customer Satisfaction Index Organization (2009). It could be said that loyalty to the Nike brand is driven by many external and internal factors such as brands subjective and objective characteristics and loyalty building programs. One visible example of creating innovative method to capture the strong relationships with Nike users is that creating Joga.com, a social network site for foot ball fans. Launching quietly in the early 2006, the site became an instant hit, peaking at 7.5 million viewers when Nike showed Ronaldinho video clips, according to Nike (2006). More than 1 million members from 140 countries signed up by mid July. In this site, fans can create their personal blogs, build communities around favorite teams or players, download video and organize pickup games. By enrolling consumers in building and shaping the content of the website, Nike pulled their loyal customers closer, nurtured deeper bonds of loyalty and advocacy. (Kotler and Amstrong, 2007) Brand Awareness Brand awareness is the first and crucial stage of consumers preference. It refers to the strength of a brands presence in the consumers mind (Aakers, 1996). Nike has been successful in building awareness. The Swoosh symbol has been appeared everywhere, on shoes, hats, billboards and soccer balls across the globe too remarkably to such extent that one author used the title The Swooshification of the World on Sports Illustrated column that imaged a future in which the swoosh could surpass sports to become a letter of the alphabet and the new presidential seal, among other things(Keller, 2008). True be told, the recognition of the swoosh is extremely high. According to Keller (2008), as of 2000, 97 percent of American citizens recognized the brand logo, as the strong brand penetration. The studying of Arona and Stoner (2009) on understanding brand personality also assists this fact. The findings indicated that Nike was perceived as a dominant force or authority in the market place, reaching at nearly 90 percent (Figure below) The results of Ross and Harradines research (2004) on brand recognition and awareness on children is also supportive, which showed that Nike could be recognized consistently without identification of brand name, even by the youngest group (aged from 4 to 6 years old). This perhaps may reflect the general level of advertising and promotion that children are exposed to. How has Nike done to build brand awareness? Sponsorships, advertising and experience focused retailing (Nike town) are three vivid channels that Nike has applied to enhance its brand image and awareness. Among these strategies, athlete endorsements could be considered as the most significant success of Nike brand. Nike has been invested millions of dollars to associate their brand names with easily recognizable athletes with the aim of brand image building (1.6 billion dollars is spent on multiyear athlete endorsement by Nike according to Horrow (2007). Athletes at the top of their respective sport such as Micheal Jordan, Tiger Woods, and Lance Armstrong who are well liked and respected by members of the brands target audience are chosen as endorsers to associate the Nike brand with the athletes celebrity image. This strategy has been paid off, for example, since Tiger Woods and Nike cooperated, annual sales for Nike Golf have exceeded to nearly $500 million dollars with an estimated 24 percent growth per year in the first five years of the agreement (Pike, 2006 cited by Carlson and Donavan, 2008). Conclusion Since the Nike name is chosen in 1971 with the concepts of victory, success and speed, Nike has been keeping its great speed in the fierce competitive environment. Building brand image and its associations around a famous person and conducting the two way conversation with power consumers through innovative digital channels, Nike has hold the strong presence in the heart of consumers. REFERENCE Aaker, D., 1996. Building strong brands. New York: The Free Press Aaker, David A., 1991. Managing Brand Equity. New York: The Free Press Elliot, R. and Percy, L., 2007, Strategic brand management, Oxford: Oxford University Press Guinn, T., 2008. Advertising and Integrated brand promotion. South Western: South Western Educational Publishing. Keller, K., 2008. Best practice cases in branding: lessons from the worlds strongest brands. 3rd Ed. NJ : Pearson/Prentice-Hall. Kotler, P., and Armstrong, G., 2007. Marketing: an introduction. 8th Ed. N.J. : Pearson Prentice Hall Aaker, D. (2009) Beyond functional benefits, Marketing news, 30, 23-24. Arora, R. and Stoner, C. (2009) a mixed method approach to understanding brand personality, Journal of product and Brand management, 18(4), 272-283. Banister, E., and Hogg, M. (2003) Negative symbolic consumption and consumers drive for self-esteem, the case of the fashion industry, European Journal of Marketing, 38(7),850-868. Carlson, B., and Donavan, T. (2008) Concerning the Effect of Athlete Endorsements on Brand and Team-Related Intentions, Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17 (3), 154-162. Court, D. et al. (1997) If Nike can just do it, why cant we, The McKinsey quarterly, 3, 24-34. Hogg, M., Bruce, M. and Hill, A. (1998) Fashion brand preferences among young consumers, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 26 (8), 293-300. Ross, J. and Harradine, R. (2004) Im not wearing that! Branding and young children, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 8(1),11-26. Ross, J., and Harradine, R. (2004) Im not wearing that! Branding and young children, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 8 (1),11-26. Rozanski, H., Baum, A., and Wolfsen, B. (1999) Brand Zealots: realizing the full value of emotional brand loyalty, Strategy and Business Fourth Quarter ,19, [Online] Available at http://www.strategy-business.com/article/13741?gko=31937 The American Customer Satisfaction Index, Score by company NIKE, [Online] Available at: http://www.theacsi.org/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=149Itemid=157c=NIKE (accessed 20/05/2010). Brandrepublic (2002) Superbrands Case Studies Nike, [Online] Available from:http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/148384/superbrands-case-studies-nike/(accessed 22/04/2010) Center for Applied Research CFAR (1998) Mini case study Nike -Just do it advertising campaign, [Online] Available from: http://www.cfar.com/Documents/nikecmp.pdf(accessed 20/05/2010) Datamonitor research (2009), Nike, Inc. Company profile, [Online] Available from: http://www.datamonitor.com/store/Product/nike_inc?productid=8E563969-FC1C-4D3A-8EEE-F9D79F81F0C3 (accessed 14/04/2010) Datamonitor research (2009), Global footwear industry profile, [Online] Available from: http:www. datamonitor.com (accessed 14/04/2010) Horrow, R. (2007), A countdown of 10 top sports and entertainment business issues, [Online] Available from http://community.foxsports.com/blogs/TheSportsProfessor (accessed 22/05/2010) Interbrands annual report (2009), Best global brands, , [Online] Available from: http://www.interbrand.com/best_global_brands.aspx?year=2008langid=1000 (accessed 14/04/2010) Keynote Report (2010), Clothing, Personal Goods Home Goods 2010, [Online] Available from: www.keynote.com (accessed 18/05/2010) National basketball championship, NBA Encyclopedia playoff edition, [Online] Available from: http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html (accessed 22/05/2010) Nike (2010), Company overview, [Online] Available from: http://www.nikebiz.com/company_overview/ (accessed 12/04/2010) Nike report (2000), Nike annual Report 2000, [Online] Available from: http://invest.nike.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=100529p=irol-reportsOther (accessed 16/05/2010) Puma (2009) About company, [Online] Available from: http://www.puma.com/about (accessed 12/04/2010) Sport+Markt Report (2008), Jersey Report 2008/2009 , [Online] Available from: http://www.sportundmarkt.de/en/reports/list/jersey-report-200809.html (accessed 18/05/2010) Superbrands (2002) Nike Company, [Online] Available from: http://uae.superbrandsmena.com/images/spreads/NIKE%204-4.pdf (accessed 22/04/2010)

Mill and Harm Thesis

In this essay I shall argue that John Stuart Mill’s Harm Principle is about justice and truth.   John Stuart Mill’s argues in On Liberty that the use of the harm theory, or harm principle is that a state of government must ensure the quality of liberty just so long as the actions committed in the cause of liberty are not detrimental to the activists.   That is to say that the government may interfere in order to prevent harm.   The following paper will discuss Mill’s harm principle and its application to government in regards to restrictions and controls. Mill argues for the doctrine of liberty.   Mill means to define the role of a person in society and as such the limited amount of coercion consistent in society that should affect that individual, â€Å"No society in which these liberties are not, on the whole, respected, is free, whatever may be its form of government; and none is completely free in which they do exist absolute and unqualified†.   Mill is stating that although these qualities are liberty come at a cost in no society would they be considered free because of the forms of government in which the world adheres. Mill argues that any opinion should be voiced despite its offensive sentiments and unpopularity.   Mill did not right from a perspective in the harm theory to state that speech was not harmful, but despite this subsequent commentary, speech was an ideal freedom.   Mill believed, and stated in the Harm Principle, that the harmfulness of an act is just cause to place social control on that act through legal means.   These means included coercion. Mill advocates a style of liberalism that governs that individuals have basic rights (as is stated in On Liberty) and the apex of these is free speech.   The factors that involve Mill also include a free society in general and specific terms.   Even in this free society there are certain actions that a person in a society may be involved with and then there are counter-actions of the government against those acts.   This is interpreted to mean that such acts were harmful and the government was justifiable in their prevention or retardation of those acts being committed. Such acts by the government or society do not necessary lead to an infringement on that person’s liberty.   There are however points to consider when examining the harms theory; once such interpretation to the theory includes the ubiquitous nature of permissible interference by society or a governing body since any act committed may be a legitimate harmful act upon another person, and thus action in any definition could be interpreted in this sense.   Thus, any action taken by the government with the umbrella statement of harm could be legitimate. Mill however was very stringent on his interpretation of Harm Theory and its application to law.   He did not for one thing want a blanketed reason for any misuse of human liberty; thus, to use the Harm Theory in regards to the prevention of free speech because it can be construed to be harmful is not legitimate according to Mill.   He was not an advocate of preventing expression or opinion.   This is shown in his absolute rejection to consider the efficacy of tolerating any particular inference against that censoring it, â€Å"†¦however positive any one’s persuasion may be, not only of the falsity but of the pernicious consequences-not only of the pernicious consequences, but (to adopt expressions which I altogether condemn) the immorality and impiety of an opinion†.   This is stated in regards to any person or legislation’s opinion that speech could potentially be harmful. Mill helped define in broad termination a tolerant perspective of accepting opinions and/or sentiments, that were made not only in private but also in public places, â€Å"†¦human beings should be free to form opinions, and to express their opinions without reserve†.   Despite this statement Mill had a firm belief in the restrictions of certain acts and believed such free speech was conditional. These exceptions of Mill were specious.   Although Mill’s harm theory does constitute legitimate ground by which to swerve the use of free speech much of On Liberty   deals with the propagating of free speech.   Mill made a distinction between qualified and unqualified liberties.   While Mill guards the use of free speech and free trade it is the former of the two that is unqualified as a liberty.   This is done by stating that free trade is not in accordance to individual rights and liberty but that speech on the other hand is a self-regarding action. This statement of free speech is however debatable.   Free speech may be considered a self-regarding action but in most interpretations of Mill this has been denied.   In this denial can be found the fact that free speech then may very lead to harm.   In this harm, the Harm Theory is cemented as a prevention that the legislating body may act upon.   In the debate of self-regarding Mill states that self-regarding is an action committed in which the outcome has no bearing of positive or negative effects on anyone else. The introduction of harm can be taken to mean either physical harm or otherwise.   In Mill’s introduction of harm the common consensus is that it means the former.   This means that speech must be attributed as becoming harmful or having the potential to become harmful to a larder body.   In the Declaration of Liberty Mill highlights his key points of liberties and the subsequent harm that should be delivered with their abuses, This, then, is the appropriate region of human liberty.   It comprises, first, the inward domain of consciousness; demanding liberty of conscience, in the most comprehensive sense; liberty of thought and feeling; absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment on all subjects, practical or speculative, scientific, moral, or theological.   The liberty of expressing and publishing opinions may seem to fall under a different principle, since it belongs to that part of the conduct of an individual which concerns other people; but, being almost of as much importance as the liberty of thought itself, and resting in great part on the same reasons, is practically inseparable from it. It is clearly stated in the above excerpt in the phrase â€Å"expressing and publishing opinions†¦concerns other people† it is devised that speech as well as the written word fall under the category of liberty which in turn, because it concerns other people is subject to the jurisdiction of Harm Theory and must be regulated by the government. The cost of the obstruction of free speech is to not have anyone commit a harmful act.   Although the thought of censorship in regards to the Harm Theory are prevalent and extensive in scope it must be realized that opinion even in its most innocent form of private discussion lead eventually to action; and these actions are not consistently without destruction. Through speech a person’s opinions are discovered.   These opinions have a domino effect that is not a contained event but becomes widespread especially in the media centered world.   Opinions of speeches are tools by which a revolution may occur or based upon the wrong assumptions of an event or theory speech and opinions that are accepted by the general public become gateways by which hysteria, chaos and harm do occur.   Thus it is behooving to place mandates on certain speeches to ensure that destruction and harm do not occur. In this essay I have argued that although Mill focuses his attention of liberty in a free society he is also a humanist and the concern over a person’s body is the main principle of his On Liberty essay, â€Å"That principle is, that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection.   That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others†.   It may thus be construed that Mill advocated the use of minimal censorship if the reason behind the prevention was to retard harm being done to another person or a group of people. There must however, in Mill’s theory exist a legitimate reason behind the censorship in order for drastic prevention to occur.   Although the Harm Theory suggests that   prevention is the key to stopping a destructive act there must also be extant governing rules that would prohibit the extreme exercise of government power that could turn into autocratic power which was not in the context of Mill’s theory.   The Harm Theory is regulated by the potential for harm and thus, free speech or other liberties may be interpreted and prevented by a government in order specifically to avert harm. Work Cited Bilbija, Ksenija et al.   The Art of Truth –Telling about Authoritarian Rule.   University of Wisconsin Press, 2005. David Riesman. The Lonely Crowd. 1950 Dollard John. Frustration and Agression. 1939 Freud, Sigmund. Civlilization and Its Discontents. 1930 Kessler, Sanford.   â€Å"The Review of Politics†.  Notre Dame:  Spring (64:2).   (2002).   207   31. Konrad, Lorenz. On Aggression. 1963 Laing, R. D. The Politics of Experience. 1967 MacDonald, Ross.   Socrates versus Plato.   Aspects of Education.   P9-22.   1996. Mill, John Stuart.   Utilitarianism.Social Benefit. More, Thomas.   Utopia.   Trans.   Robert Adams.   W.W. Norton and Company, 1991. Stanford Encyclopedia.   John Stuart Mill.   Online.   11 March 2008: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill-moral-political/

Changing Tire Essay

Most people know how to change the tires of a car, it is a skill people should know in order to survive if a roadside flat tire occurs. Changing tires usually happens in a shop or when a roadside flat tire occurs, males are usually do a better job and know more about changing tires; however, there are females who changes tires but rarely. My dad had taught me how to change tires just in case a roadside flat tire occurs and it would be a good skill to know. When changing a tire, safety is the most important thing. The ground should be flat and stable when a tire is being change, the emergency brake should be on in case of sliding down the road. The right tools to use while changing the tire are very important, and if a mechanic is changing a tire for a job they usually wear something to get down on the ground and get dirty. In order to change a tire the first thing a person needs to do is to check the areas to see if it is a safe place to do so. Some people take the safety very serious, the vehicle could roll down the hill if the emergency break isn’t on or it would be bad to jack the car up when the ground is slanted. After checking the area, get out all the tools that are needed to change the tire. The tools that are usually needed are the jack, a wrench, and a spare tire. The jack is to use to lift the vehicle off of the ground so the tire can come off the vehicle. A wrench is to twist and loosen the lug nuts off of the tire and the new tire is to repair for the flat tire or the new one. Now that the area is checked and the tools are out it’s time for changing the tire. To change the tire, the vehicle needs to be lifted up with the jack. Place the jack under the frame near the tire that is needed to be change. Make sure that the jack is in contact with the metal portion of the car’s frame. After the jack is in the right place, start raising the jack up to where the tire is off the ground and make sure the jack is stabilized. After the tire is off of the ground, begin loosening up the lug nuts by using the wrench to twist. There are different sizes of wrench to fit different sizes of lug nuts. Find the correct size then loosen the lug nuts by turning it counterclockwise (left), don’t take the lug nuts all the way off, just break the resistance with the wrench first. The lug nuts take a lot of power to start loosen it up, after just loosen the lug nuts off it might be easier to use hands to twist it completely off. When all the lug nuts are off, the tire should be easy to come off as well. If the tire is hard to take off by hands, kick or hit the tire a little to loosen it up or lift the tire up a little to take it off. Sometimes if the vehicle isn’t lifted high enough it would stop the tire from coming off. In that case, pump up the jack more and lift the tire off of the ground so it might help. After the old tire is removed, replace the spare tire. To replace the spare tire correctly, the rim of the spare tire needs to be aligned with the wheel bolts, then put on the lug nuts. Tighten the lug nuts by hand until they are all snug then tighten them all the way by using the wrench. After the lug nuts are being tightened, lower the jack down. Once the car is lowered, tighten the lug nuts more to make sure the lug nuts are as tight as possible. The final step would be putting all the tools away and the flat or changed tire away. Changing a tire isn’t the hardest job but it can be tough for people who have never experienced it. It is a skill that needs to be learned if a roadside flat tire occurs and no one is around to help. A spare tire and tools are usually in the trunk when a tire is needed to be changed if it’s in the middle of nowhere. Safety is the most important part, and doing the steps correctly will make this process easier.